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Philosophy and Logic

Name: Anonymous 2009-01-29 6:39

I've just discovered the wonderful world of philosophy and formal logic. My interest was piqued by a philosophy major friend of mine, whom I hadn't seen in quite a while and who engaged me in a wonderful little friendly debate the other day.

So I've got two topics for this thread:

Firstly, what books would you guys recommend for me to actually get into this, assuming I know nothing on the topic? I know some of the bigger names like Kant and them, but I doubt they'd be a good basic starting point, right?

Also, I'm not going to need any real fancy math that I can't pick up as I go, am I? The highest level course I've taken was Calculus, and I only got about half way through it before I dropped it (aced all the tests, never had time for the ridiculous amounts of busywork). From there I basically taught myself things only as I needed them. I do have some experience with Boolean systems, though, which from what I've seen will help, but again, my knowledge is pretty basic.

Secondly, I'm just curious what kind of philosophies you all identify with.

Like I said, I'm brand new to the scene, but from some light googling and Wikipedia browsing, I've found myself to fit squarely with Secular Humanism. But as I was looking into that, I also came across Objectivism, which seems to describe my thoughts as well, even though people seem to say the two are opposed on a couple fronts. But it's late, I'll look into it further tomorrow afternoon. I only scratched the surface, so I'm probably not getting the whole picture.

Name: Anonymous 2009-01-29 8:47

If it's formal logic you're after, I'm afraid you'll need some of the fancy math with it (I think. I'm mostly after the fancy math, so I might have missed some more wordy approach). But don't worry, mathematical logic isn't the same as most of the math you might do in school (on anything, really, courses on formal logic are really rare), though it still is a bitch.

I personally use the following books on the matter :

-The Principia Mathematica by Bertrand Russell and Alfred Whitehead. It's huge, but I found the beginning of the first book to be a rather good introduction, though it uses really outdated notations and formalism.

-From Frege to Gödel, which is a compilation of important historical articles on the subject. It's a rather hard reading since it uses notations and concepts ranging from all over the place.

-The Undecidables, by Martin Davis, also a compilation on a similar subject, but picking up where the previous book stopped. It is more focused on the concept of computability.

-Modal logic, an introduction, by Brian F. Chellas. I actually don't like it too much, but it's my book for modal logic.

In general, try to look for stuff from Quine, Tarski, Kleene, big names like that.

Or wait for the next post, 'cause I don't know much about more philosophical matters.

Name: Anonymous 2009-01-29 10:05

If you're really talking about remedial logic (identifying fallacies & such), ignore all the below paragraphs, & you may want to try somewhere other than /sci/.  You want to learn how to think.  Most all of the people on /sci/ either already know how to think, or don't but stubbornly believe themselves to be brilliant.  My roommate took a philosophy class on remedial logic & the book was titled "Attacking Faulty Reasoning", can't remember the author.  I can't attest to whether or not it's a good book.

I'm currently reading "The Mathematics of Logic" by Richard Kaye.  It's pretty good, although the first chapter is a bitch (mainly the examples and exercises section), so try not to be too discouraged if you can't handle that very well, you still may be able to grasp what's going on in chapters two and three.

Probably the most popular text on mathematical logic is "A Mathematical Introduction to Logic" by Herbert B. Enderton, but I strongly reccommend avoiding this one, I got about a fourth of the way through it but it just became too confusing for my weak undergrad mind (I'm a math major).

Like the above poster said, it's very different from the mathematics you're used to seeing.  That said, some background in set theory may help if you find yourself struggling with it (and you probably will at some point).  The book "Classic Set Theory" by Derek Goldrei is a relatively easy read & gives a very thourough overview, although I can understand if you don't want to invest 300 pages worth of your time.

Name: mo‮8pE! to‬pui‮ !1uHaijp7IU!n9e4aOufPFUPnvI 2009-01-31 5:21

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