What do normal points actually do? There are 3 axises for vertex position, 2 texture coordinates, but what are the normals for, and how does one determine what they should be?
>>6
They're normalized (i.e. unit) vectors. Face normals are simply perpendicular to the face, in the direction of the face. You can probably guess how to compute vertex normals if you need them.
Just about any shader apart from flat shader pays attention to normals, it's not just for fancy stuff.