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I don't want to sound elitist or arrogant here, but who here has actually studied the record of Historical European Martial Arts for over a decade, done a great deal of research on European swords and weapons, test cut with accurate replicas of both Euro and Japanese swords, and cross-trained with practicioners of traditional Japanese sword arts?
I have, and the only question in my mind is not whether or not the feudal European warrior could win, but what the margin of victory would be for the Europeans if you could match up say 100 knights in individual duels with 100 samurai and take statistics.
The European's sword and especially his armor was metellurgically superior. His technique (both armed and unarmed) was just as good, if not better, given the European leaning towards pragmatism. To top it off, the gap betweens Whites and Japanese in size and strength was more prounounced then that it is now. I respect the Japanese sword and it's practicioners as being very, very, good, but it was never extensively tested on a continent wide basis in all manner of conditions, like European or Chinese technique. The Japanese simply fought themselves almost their entire Feudal history, and that is one reason why the Katana and it's systems are so grandiously regarded by the Japanese, and by diffusion, Westerners.
Viking period skeletons have been found in Scandinavia that have been completely cut in half, from shoulder to hips, by sword strokes. So whilst Katanas may have been able to do the same thing, in terms of cutting ability it's hard to see how a Katana could be considered superior to European swords.
Folding steel to make swords, known as pattern welding in the west, is a very well known, and very old skill, in the west as well. In fact, if you're ever in London, go to the British musuem where they have several fabulous examples of pattern welded swords from Anglo-Saxon times, circa 1,000 - 1,500 years ago. Western swords were also made with steel that contained a much lower carbon count, and thus were much more flexible than Katanas, and thus less likely to break.
Even so, no sword, and no cutting implement in existance, can cut through 4 inches of steel. European knights were essentially impervious to cutting weapons whilst wearing plate armour that was considerably thinner than 4".
Stop listening to the Samurai wannabes and actually do some research yourself.
http://www.ejmas.com/jwma/
http://www.thearma.org/HEMA.htm
http://www.aemma.org/onlineResources/library_startPage.htm