>>193
Well I really suck at explaining things, but I'll try to help you anyway.
Kono (this thing) - Is used with nouns and stuff close to you. このぺん (this pen)
この机 (this desk)
Kore (this) - Is used when there's no noun, but is instead followed by a particle.
これは僕のぺん. (this is my pen)
It's the same thing with the others. Except for sono/sore (that) it's things near you. Like a TV across your room.
そのテレビは古いね (that TV is old, isn't it?)
それが僕のテレビだ (that is my TV)
Again, it's the same with the others except this time, it's things distant from both the speaker and listener. Like a bus stop across the street.
そのバスは速いだな (that bus is fast)
それが僕のバス (that is my bus)
Hope this helped.