it wouldn't matter how large a planet is, it's still moving quite fast. If you take a pencil, and hold it at one end and rotate it around, do you notice that the other end moves much faster with just a flick of your wrist. There is much more velocity at the end than at the center. The difference is that at the center of our planet, it needs to be moving much faster as it is liquid and then cools as it approaches atmosphere. The rotation of the earth itself is propelled through friction which is why we have a molten core. The larger the planet, the faster the molten core would have to be rotating to keep it from breaking apart. The reason it is different in space from here on earth when moving things in centrifuge has to do with atmosphere vs vacuum. Liquids breaks apart in atmosphere because of resistance during centrifuge.
So, your large planet travel backwards wouldn't actually be going backwards, it would only appear so by relativity.