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abelian/dedekind/hamiltonian groups

Name: Anonymous 2009-02-22 17:51

I just proved for homework that if A and B are two normal subgroups of a group G such that the intersection of A and B is only the identity element, than ab = ba for any a in A and any b in B.

If you have a group all of whose subgroups are normal, doesn't that group have to be abelian? Because for any two elements a and b in this group, each generates a cyclic subgroup, which is normal by assumption, and therefore by the result in the previous paragraph, ab=ba and the group is abelian.

However, I googled this and apparently there can exist a nonabelian group whose subgroups are all normal, called a Dedekind group. I don't see how this is possible, could some kind anon point me in the right direction to see the distinction here?

Thank in advance.

Name: Anonymous 2009-02-22 18:30

Wikipedia says to look at the quaternion group, but then doesn't really expand upon that at all. So instead I will.

Let Q={1,-1,i,-i,j,-j,k,-k}. This is the quaternion group of order 8. Wikipedia has some more information here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion_group

anyway, the idea is that ij=k jk=i ki=j and yet ij=-k kj=-i ik=-j.
So, ijk=kk=-1 jki=ii=-1, etc. The inverse of i is -i, similar for j and k.

The only proper subgroups are {1,-1} {1,-1,i,-i} {1,-1,j,-j} and {1,-1,k,-k}. These are also all abelian, although Q is not.

{1,-1} is obviously normal.
Let's test {1,-1,i,-i}. We already know about 1 and -1, so let's look at i, -i.

Basically, we want to show ji(-j) is in {1,-1,i,-i) for normal. And ji=-k, -k(-j)=-i, which is in the subgroup.
The same is true for (-j)ij and ki(-k),(-k)ik and everything with (-i) as well. You can also check this with the other two subgroups.

You can check all of this and it would probably be best to go through it yourself, but this is a good example of a non-abelian group, yet every subgroup is normal.

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