>>22
Today, not much except for a cleaner and simpler instruction set, but back when the PC came out it was different.
The original 68000 had 32-bit registers (x86 was 16-bit), a flat address space, could address up to 16 MB (24-bit addressing but later 32-bit, like AMD64 is 48-bit/56-bit but extensible to 64-bit, while x86 only allowed 1 MB), a cleaner instruction set, more registers (8 data and 8 address vs 4 data and 4 address), user and supervisor modes (x86 only had real mode), and more assembly addressing modes. 32-bit addressing would have eliminated the need for HIMEM, the 640 K limit, the A20 gate, and DOS extenders.
Before AMD64, x86 had "real", "286 protected", and "386 enhanced" modes but because the 68k designers chose 32-bit pointers it only had one "mode" for its entire lifetime.