Can you trust a ZIP file?

What guarantees that unpacking a simple ZIP file wont crash a system? What if ZIP file specifies absolute/relative pathname, pointing inside /usr/bin? What if a ZIP-file produces 16777216 files, crashing filesystem?

You obviously answered your own question.
Any extractor worth its salt will have an option to contain all files to a specified folder, even if the zip files includes absolute paths or relative paths that walk up the tree.
If your filesystem crashes, it was due for replacement anyway.