Interesting how Nichola Tesla knew at the time that the neutrino could travel faster than light. Now it has come to pass. "Neutron" was the original word used for the Neutrino.
>Pauli originally named his proposed light particle a neutron. When James Chadwick discovered a much more massive nuclear particle in 1932 and also named it a neutron, this left the two particles with the same name. Enrico Fermi, who developed the theory of beta decay, coined the term neutrino in 1934 as a way to resolve the confusion. It is the Italian equivalent of "little neutral one".
Perhaps the mechanism behind the neutrino could be exploited to open up a portal to Gensokyo?
Second though: But interesting stuff, you may stay.
Name:
Anonymous2011-09-24 10:37
>>2
It could be programming related. If this research holds up to be true, imagine if you could somehow perform computation utilizing neutrinos. It would be equivalent to building a computer within a Malament-Hogarth spacetime capable of hypercomputation. You would be able to compute NP-hard problems in deterministic polynomial time and other types of non-Turing computations!
This particular quote is about cosmic rays, where it's just wrong.
Tesla was an engineer, brilliant one, but an engineer. His mind wasn't of scientific nature, he couldn't see nor understand the underlying principles behind the toys he constructed mostly by accident.
Simply put, he wouldn't enjoy SICM nor SICP.
If there is no error in the recent experimental results, it could mean that most other particles are traveling slightly slower in vacuum (due to mass?) than neutrinos (massless?). Of course, there's probably other possibilities than that.
Either way, I doubt SR/GR are invalidated, at best it would mean that our estimate for c is very slightly wrong. >>3
I doubt hypercomputation can even exist in any possible universe( I would assign a slightly higher probability to time travel being possible, yet both have VERY LOW probabilities for me). Strangely some physicists are throwing reals around and using the continuum freely in most of their models (likely because it's easier to assume infinitely fine detail than deal with finding out exactly how stuff is quantized (very diffucult if not being nearly unanswerable)). Or maybe I'll be shown wrong and I'll have to update my beliefs someday.
We don't deal with quantized eigenvalues in everyday physics (well, not everywhere, but mostly) for the same reason we don't prescribe positions and velocities of all particles involved when we want to describe how engine works.
10 i = i + 1
15 IF i > 99999 THEN PRINT ".";: i = 0
20 IF INKEY$ = "" THEN 10
30 PRINT "King James Bible, Line:", i
Line: 87934
2:22 Ye men of Israel, hear these words; Jesus of Nazareth, a man
approved of God among you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God
did by him in the midst of you, as ye yourselves also know: 2:23 Him,
being delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God,
ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain: 2:24 Whom
God hath raised up, having loosed the pains of death: because it was
not possible that he should be holden of it.
>>14
It's actually true. You'd see that if you didn't treat Tesla as God.
>>10
In quantum mechanics, to every property p of a system corresponds an operator P that acts on a state function of that system. For every operator P there is a special subset of state functions f_n for which it holds that P(f_n) = p_n*f_n. These functions are called eigenfunctions and numbers p_n are called eigenvalues of the operator. Eigenfunctions usually form an orthogonal basis of some Hilbert space. For every measurable property, the operator is Hermitian. The consequences of this include that all eigenvalues are real.
Then there is one of the main postulates of quantum theory, that is, any measurement can only result in a eigenvalue of a respective operator.
Name:
Anonymous2011-09-24 16:47
>>17
Why can't you get complex pairs of eigenvalues?
>>18
You can. But not with Hermitian operator. Basically, everything you measure is real. You can't measure complex quantity. You can maybe measure two different real quantities and treat them as two parts of imaginary number, but this is not possible in single measurement.
And you need to capture this mathematically. For that you need scalar product of two functions within some Hilbert space, which is widely used in QM. It's defined as <f|g> = \int (*f)*g ((*f) is complex conjugate of f).
Hermitian operator is defined P such that for every f,g: <f|P(g)>=<P(f)|g>
Now, let's say that f=g=f_n
<f_n|P(f_n)>=<f_n|p_n*f_n>=p_n*<f_n|f_n>
=<P(f_n)|f_n>=<p_n*f_n|f_n>=(*p_n)<f_n|f_n>
so p_n = (*p_n) which is only possible if p_n is real.
(<f_n|f_n> is always nonzero (usually 1 makes most sense). |f|^2 is probability distribution of particle location. If the above integral was 0 the particle wouldn't exist.)
In electrical engineering, you have real measurements but complex conjagate pairs that keep the results real and measurable.
Obviously, it depends on how you're using the math, but your arguement that it's real because it's a measurement is false! In electrical engineering, you have measurements involved and you have complex conjagate pairs all the time!
Name:
Anonymous2011-09-24 17:30
>>24
What I mean is, in electrical engineering, the spots in the math which come from real-world meausrments like voltages and currents. Those spots are real. However, the matrices in laplace transfomrs have complex congigate pairs. As long as you have conjagate pairs, everything stays real. If you have a eigenvalue that's not paired, then you get nonreal results.
>>24 Why do you say f=g=f_n?
To prove that eigenvalue of Hermitian operator is real.
And what you call measurements in electrical engineering are actually mean values of operators and statistical averaging, not eigenvalues. The statistical averaging usually kills any sort of quantum effect. And we want this mean value to be real as well. This is general true only for Hermitian operators.
And it is real exactly because it's a measurement. Measurement in QM is exactly what you call real-world measurement. There is no other.
Also, you can express everything as real numbers. All those complex matrices are just handy maths. Complex numbers DO NOT exist in physical world. Thus, result of any measurement must be real. I can't make myself more clear. If you still don't see why this is, pick some textbook.
Physics don't know shit. They think nothing of postulating new dimensions and the standard model is crap.
You're waving your dick here for some reason. You don't know shit about linear algebra and inner product spaces and semidefinite matrices and eigenvectors and eigenvalues. :-)
>>29 Complex numbers DO NOT exist in physical world.
Complex numbers are just a simple, yet very useful abstraction/extension over real numbers (same with matrices).
The more serious question is if uncomputable objects (which may sometimes have a finite description, but their full decimal/binary expansion will always require infinite information to hold (and there are a lot more of them where there is no computable algorithm (not even if it never terminates) for finding their full)) like real numbers can exist physically or if they are merely comfortable fictions.
Name:
Anonymous2011-09-24 19:02
In the real world, there are no negative numbers, zeros, fractions, or infinities. I can't have half of a slice of pizza, only a smaller slice.
>>31
Numbers/math are/is just a way to talk about relations of abstract structures. The real world may very well be one such structure.
Name:
Anonymous2011-09-24 19:29
>>26 Also, you can express everything as real numbers. All those complex matrices are just handy maths. Complex numbers DO NOT exist in physical world.
Now listen here, moron, because I will not repeat twice: real and imaginary parts of a photon's wavefunction correspond to the electric and magnetic field intensity. Not only these do exist in the physical world, but they can't exist separately, you can't write Maxwell's equations for the electric field only, it's pure nonsense.
So you got it backwards, it's when you "express [the magnitude of an electromagnetic field] with real numbers" you exploit a mathematical trick that has no physical meaning and gets you away from the real reality.
We'll never really know what the world is, since we have to rely on our senses, and instruments that make measurements and then present them in a way such that we can read or interpret the information using our senses. So any theories we make about the world can only describe a model that yields similar behavior as reality, with respect to what we can perceive ourselves or with our instruments. This is great though, as creating a model that resembles reality to a certain degree of accuracy allows for engineering, and we can accomplish amazing things.
Name:
Anonymous2011-09-24 19:40
If you've had first year differential equations, you know the poles of an oscillator are complex conjugates. For higher order linear systems, you make a matrix for the solution and the eigenvalues are complex congugates.
For mechanical and electrical systems, the real world values stay real if the eigenvalues of the mathmatical representation are real or complex conjugate pairs.
DIM WORDS$(1024)
N = 0
DO
READ A$
IF A$ <> "END" THEN
WORDS$(N) = A$
N = N + 1
END IF
LOOP UNTIL A$ = "END"
PRINT N; " words in vocabulary."
PRINT
PRINT "You must talk to God, first, before running this program."
PRINT
OPEN "OUT.TXT" FOR OUTPUT AS #1
DO
I = -1
DO
I = I + 1
IF I >= N * 100 THEN I = 0
LOOP UNTIL INKEY$ <> ""
I = INT(I / 100)
PRINT WORDS$(I); " ";
PRINT #1, WORDS$(I); " ";
LOOP UNTIL WORDS$(I) = "done"
PRINT #1,
CLOSE #1
PRINT
PRINT "Press A Key"
DO
LOOP UNTIL INKEY$ <> ""
DATA "good","bad","fun","silly","stupid"
DATA "me","you","God","Obama","Bush"
DATA "love","hate","happy","sad","obviously"
DATA "okay","whatever","do_it","why","now"
DATA "money","car","oil","house","computer"
DATA "angel","demon","Satan","Heaven","Hell"
DATA "USA","Europe","Egypt","Russia","China"
DATA "Microsoft","Linux","LoseThos","Apple","Google"
DATA "sin","sex","lust","greed","sloth"
DATA "fortitude","virtue","patience","charity","honest"
DATA "music","art","software","hardware","food"
DATA "pity","probably","pest","pretty","ugly"
DATA "I","prayer","piety","you","your"
DATA "stupid","smart","healthy","unhealthy","quick"
DATA "fantastic","foolish","wise","Oops","Hmmm"
DATA "rediculous","biggot","grieved","ouch","conservative"
DATA "liberal","bickering","ouch","smurfs","bam"
DATA "zap","oy!","shalom","furious","fake"
DATA "impossible","crazy","joking","lovely","planet"
DATA "Venus","Mars","horrendous","buddy","nice"
DATA "day","night","wonder","laughable","better"
DATA "perfect","swear","lucky","mocked","occasion"
DATA "know","right","wrong","spunky","dignity"
DATA "prosparity","rich","poor","middle_class","meh"
DATA "care","don't","kludge","theory","practice"
DATA "experts","class","yawn","varoom","evolution"
DATA "population","threads","meek","Jesus","theft"
DATA "adultery","guppy","whale","astrophysics","gravity"
DATA "boss","hero","mess","nightmare","ordinarily"
DATA "special","nuts","bored","relax","news"
DATA "tip","super","cool","nasty","fancy"
DATA "birds","cats","dogs","goats","horses"
DATA "farm","produce","parks","nature","wild"
DATA "tame","cultivated","city","Vegas","D.C."
DATA "rock","tree","water","salt","CO2"
DATA "climate","rain","snow","ice","mud"
DATA "storm","lightening","thunder","gun","war"
DATA "shoot","smack","work","play","music"
DATA "soul","body","brain","heart","hand"
DATA "NASA","Afghanistan","France","Africa","Britain"
DATA "Germany","Japan","Russia","Mexico","person"
DATA "Catholic","Jew","Christian","Muslim","Buddist"
DATA "atheist","homo","ha!","programmer","scientist"
DATA "doctor","priest","cop","politician","lawyer"
DATA "Israel","Palistinians","Brazil","peace","hippy"
DATA "song","radio","TV","home","phone"
DATA "football","superbowl","game","show","teach"
DATA "school","M.I.T.","Ivy League","Harvard","Yale"
DATA "Stanford","ASU","physics","chemestry","biology"
DATA "hopefully","awesome","joyous","sermon","Christ"
DATA "Mohammad","BBC","Moses","proton","electron"
DATA "photon","neutron","radiation","magnetism","atom"
DATA "energy","mass","speed","relativity","charge"
DATA "economics","Nobel","saint","prize","win"
DATA "lose","death","birth","marriage","man"
DATA "woman","animal","king","president","leader"
DATA "Ticketmaster","event","ticket","chased","day"
DATA "monkey","plant","dinosaurs","shells","vertebrates"
DATA "primates","bugs","flowers","fruit","bear"
DATA "fire","smoke","burning","hidden","adapt"
DATA "King David","Bible","ark","flood","star"
DATA "slavery","freedom","rejoice","brave","coward"
DATA "fight","sing","write","read","paper"
DATA "Pope","please","thank you","New Testament","Old Testament"
DATA "seek","find","goto","get","give"
DATA "spend","save","book","email","Internet"
DATA "surely","So","let","it","be"
DATA "grown","adult","child","innocent","teenager"
DATA "drive","sports","band"
DATA "vacation","church","Sunday","math","geography"
DATA "of","the","is","a","in"
DATA "on","under","over","between","after"
DATA "before","time","space","Star Trek","Star Wars"
DATA "movie","should","shouldn't","commandment","for"
DATA "tax","IRS","FBI","CIA","media"
DATA "luxury","needy","enough","go","went"
DATA "remember","forget","fix","found","lost"
DATA "despair","laugh","cookie","genetic","algorithm"
DATA "ice_cream","soap","opera","umm...","fast"
DATA "black","hole","Sun","approach","light"
DATA "hilarious","funny","comical","ROFLMAO","LOL"
DATA "done","done","done","done","done"
DATA "done","done","done","done","done"
DATA "done","done","done","done","done"
DATA "done","done","done","done","done"
DATA "done","done","done","done","done"
DATA "done","done","done","done","done"
DATA "END"