>>26
No, I actually believe the problem is simpler than we think.
I tried to work out in my mind how a lot of the usual mental tasks we do can arise out of this one specific model, and to some degree it seemed to work.
In practice this model has been proven to be good enough to be used to identify specific objects in a (moving/animated) scene, identify sounds and other recurring spatial/temporal patterns as well as form "correlations" between inputs. It has been shown to be able to classify objects and reconstruct images, not unlike we do in our brain through the V1<>V2<>V4><>IT circuit. It does show reasonable results at the small scale, however the model itself is just a simplification of a theorethical model of how our brain might work. I'd really like to see how it behaves at the large scale (increase sensory inputs, implement a way for feedback (for example, motor control)) in a real-world environment. Of course, for it to work in a real-world environment, it has to be faster than realtime, which can't be achieved without a hardware implementation. I should also mention that I'm not proposing here to implement a huge neural-net or anything of that sort - that might be useless and you won't be able to actually glean useful data from it. These models are actually debuggable to some extent, although since they're mostly made to learn unattended (but it's not the only way you can train them), actually making sense of some of the data can take effort (however, much less than analyzing even tiny neural nets. You can think of the difference between analyzing a random analog circuit and analyzing a human-designed digital circuit. The analog one is highly unpredictable and may require fairly advanced math to make sense of, while the human designed digital one can be made sense of if you understand the basic principles involved.)
Of course, I may be wrong and I may be overestimating the possibilities of some models, and they might not perform nearly as well at the large scale as they do at the medium scale (for example, processing moving picture/video data) or the small scale (tiny image recognition, pattern detection, ...), however it is the next step I would try if I had the time and resources.