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Best way to learn programming:

1) Learn logic
2) Learn assembly
3) Learn C

At this point, two choices: stick with C or learn whatever high-level languages/paradigms suit what you want to do.

Almost everyone does the exact reverse.  First learn BASIC or Java, then attempt to understand what's going on underneath (and probably never get around to it).

If you go from the bottom up, each step gets easier and there's no mystery hiding what's going on under the hood.

>>8
More efficiency is to be gained in good algorithms than in micromanaging your CPU. Getting hung up on assembly gets in the way of a deep understanding of algorithms. I hate quoting Knuth, so I won't, but he wasn't entirely wrong.
As far as correctness goes, that shows that you really don't understand the meaning of abstraction. Read SICP.