C# is very rare for console games, but XNA is a newbie friendly API compared to others, so it's well-known. By no means should that be taken that it's a major platform, it's just a possible platform.
Most games are written in C++, due to it being high-level enough to build complex abstractions and low-level enough for C-like optimizations. It's not really the best language for the job, but it's one proven to work fine for their tasks. If you were an experienced programmer knowing many languages and understanding the issues you'll be facing, you'll probably be fine with whatever you picked, providing you can tweak the compiler, libraries, possible gc or anything else you might need to solve what performance/optimization problems lie ahead of you, if you choose a higher-level language.
As with most such questions, I would give the traditional /prog/ solution to your problems: Read SICP, learn enough languages, libraries and platforms, algorithms, and most importantly, reasoning skills. If you understand general-purpose programming, you can understand game programming. Trying to specialize too early can be your downfall.