>>69
You can do that, but you'll have to recalculate the offsets each time. Some people also tend to make larger nop buffers for easier relocation, and there's assemblers out there that don't have labels, you just assemble at fixed locations in memory (this is especially true of various debuggers which let you change code as the program is running, as well as some rudimentary hex editors which have an assembler for some platform). The minimal assembler just needs an offset and instruction mnemonic, given those 2 things, it can calculate what the machine code for that instruction will be and assemble it at a specific address. There is no requirement for an assembler to have support for labels. Assembly language is no more than one of many possible human-readable representations for the hardcoded opcodes of a CPU platform. They are for all purposes equivalent as long as a translation between instruction mnemonic and bytecode is clearly defined.