regardless, can you really consider the ancient computers of times past to have an OS in the modern sense?
i mean, computers, software, and operating systems have changed an incredible amount since then.
Computer software can be divided roughly into two kinds: system programs, which manage the operation of the computer itself, and application programs, which perform the actual work the user wants. The most fundamental system program is the operating system, whose job is to control all the computer's resources and provide a base upon which the application programs can be written
Operating Systems Design and Implementation, 3rd Edition, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Chapter 1, Page 1.