I much prefer printf, but it's hardly scalable because the service space is large, distributed, heterogeneous, volatile, and highly dynamic. This problem is aggravated by the added degree of dynamism, unpredictability, and distribution of programmers. Existing techniques such as EDI, component-based E-commerce systems (e.g., integrated electronic catalogs and cross-organizational workflows) are usually appropriate to integrate small number of e-services with static relationships. However, they are ineffective in large and highly dynamic environments.